![]() work with national authorities on criteria and ways to develop registries of essential and critical medicines. ![]() develop observatories in collaboration with national authorities to collect and analyse information from patients and healthcare professionals on shortages and their early signs.For example, both types of organisations are encouraged to: Some of the key recommendations included in the EMA guidance apply only to patients’ organisations, some only to healthcare professionals’ organisations, and some to both. The EMA guidance also looks at measures that help to improve preparedness, planning and rationed use for medicines that are either in short supply or expected to be so in the near future. Patients and healthcare professionals are the main actors at the end of the supply chain, therefore their activities in preventing shortages are usually limited to managing the demand for medicines at risk of shortages. The causes of shortages can include manufacturing problems leading to delays or interruption in the production, shortages of raw materials, increased demand of medicines, distribution problems, labour disruptions, and natural disasters. Due to medicine shortages, patients may need to use less effective alternatives and they could risk using medication incorrectly. ![]() It may have a significant impact on patient care by causing medicine rationing and delay of critical treatments. Medicine shortages and reduced availability of medicines represent an increasing issue across the EU and the globe, and it has been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. With key principles and examples of good practices to support them in preventing and managing shortages of human medicines. Guidance for patients’ and healthcare professionals’ organisations
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